Japanese Phonology: Difference between revisions

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/p, t, tˢ, k/ are moderately aspirated
/tˢ/ is geminated as /ttˢ/
/b/ is typically realized as [b], but can become [β] or [v̠] in rapid speech.
/ɡ/ often becomes [ɣ] intervocalically. It becomes [ŋ] medially in older speakers, with some exceptions.
/ɽ/ is postalveolar medially. It is typically realized as an affricate [d̠^ɹ̝̆] initially and after /ɴ/. It may be postalveolar [l̠] in any position. Sometimes it may be approximant [ɹ].
Phonemic /tˢ/ is normally realized as a cluster [ts]. It is palatalized to [tɕ] before /i/.
/n/ is palatalized to [ɲ̟] before /i/. Some speakers realize it as alveolar before /u/.
Consonants are strongly palatalized before /i/; /Ci/ typically becomes [Cʲi].
/ɴ/, the moraic nasal, has variable realization.

Okada, Hideo. "Japanese." In Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{|class=bordered
-{|
 |+Phonemic consonants in Tokyo dialect.
 !!!Bilabial!!Dental!!Alveolar!!Postalveolar!!Palatal!!Velar!!Uvular!!Glottal
 |-
 !Plosive
+|p {{Right|b}}
-|p b||t d||||||||k ɡ
+| class="nocol" |t {{Right|d}}
+| class="nocol" |
+|||||k {{Right|ɡ}}||||
 |-
 !Affricate
+|
-|||||tˢ
+| class="nocol" |
+| class="nocol" |tˢ||||||||||
 |-
 !Nasal
+|{{Right|m}}
-|m||n||||||||||ɴ
+| class="nocol" |{{Right|n}}
+| class="nocol" |
+|||||||{{Right|ɴ}}||
 |-
 !Flap
+|
-|||||||ɽ
+| class="nocol" |
+| class="nocol" |
+|{{Right|ɽ}}||||||||
 |-
 !Fricative
+|
-|||||s z||||||||||h
+| class="nocol" |
+| class="nocol" |s {{Right|z}}||||||||||h
 |-
 !Approximant
+|
-|||||||||j||w
+| class="nocol" |
+| class="nocol" |
+|||{{Right|j}}||{{Right|w}}||||
 |}