Japanese Phonology: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 00:46, 26 October 2025

/p, t, tˢ, k/ are moderately aspirated
/tˢ/ is geminated as /ttˢ/
/b/ is typically realized as [b], but can become [β] or [v̠] in rapid speech.
/ɡ/ often becomes [ɣ] intervocalically. It becomes [ŋ] medially in older speakers, with some exceptions.
/ɽ/ is postalveolar medially. It is typically realized as an affricate [d̠^ɹ̝̆] initially and after /ɴ/. It may be postalveolar [l̠] in any position. Sometimes it may be approximant [ɹ].
Phonemic /tˢ/ is normally realized as a cluster [ts]. It is palatalized to [tɕ] before /i/.
/n/ is palatalized to [ɲ̟] before /i/. Some speakers realize it as alveolar before /u/.
Consonants are strongly palatalized before /i/; /Ci/ typically becomes [Cʲi].
/ɴ/, the moraic nasal, has variable realization.

Okada, Hideo. "Japanese." In Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |-
 !Plosive
-|p {{Right|b}}
+|{{IPA|ja|p}} {{Right|{{IPA|ja|b}}}}
-| class="nocol" |t {{Right|d}}
+| class="nocol" |{{IPA|ja|t}} {{Right|{{IPA|ja|d}}}}
 | class="nocol" |
-|||||k {{Right|ɡ}}||||
+|||||{{IPA|ja|k}} {{Right|{{IPA|ja|ɡ}}}}||||
 |-
 !Affricate
 |
 | class="nocol" |
-| class="nocol" |tˢ||||||||||
+| class="nocol" |{{IPA|ja|t<sup>s</sup>}}||||||||||
 |-
 !Nasal
-|{{Right|m}}
+|{{Right|{{IPA|ja|m}}}}
-| class="nocol" |{{Right|n}}
+| class="nocol" |{{Right|{{IPA|ja|n}}}}
 | class="nocol" |
-|||||||{{Right|ɴ}}||
+|||||||{{Right|{{IPA|ja|ɴ}}}}||
 |-
 !Flap
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 |
 |
-|{{Right|ɽ}}||||||||
+|{{Right|{{IPA|ja|ɽ}}}}||||||||
 |-
 !Fricative
 |
 |
-|s {{Right|z}}||||||||||h
+|{{IPA|ja|s}} {{Right|{{IPA|ja|z}}}}||||||||||{{IPA|ja|h}}
 |-
 !Approximant
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 | class="nocol" |
 | class="nocol" |
-|||{{Right|j}}||{{Right|w}}||||
+|||{{Right|{{IPA|ja|j}}}}||{{Right|{{IPA|ja|w}}}}||||
 |}