Japanese Phonology: Difference between revisions

From MiWiki
← Older editNewer edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 38: Line 38:
|}
|}


* /p, t, tˢ, k/ are moderately aspirated
* {{Phoneme|ja|p, t, tˢ, k}} are moderately aspirated
* /tˢ/ is geminated as /ttˢ/
* {{Phoneme|ja|tˢ}} is geminated as {{Phoneme|ja|ttˢ}}
* /b/ is typically realized as {{Phone|ja|b}}, but can become {{Phone|ja|β}} or {{Phone|ja|v̠}} in rapid speech.
* {{Phoneme|ja|b}} is typically realized as {{Phone|ja|b}}, but can become {{Phone|ja|β}} or {{Phone|ja|v̠}} in rapid speech.
* /ɡ/ often becomes {{Phone|ja|ɣ}} intervocalically. It becomes {{Phone|ja|ŋ}} medially in older speakers, with some exceptions.
* {{Phoneme|ja|ɡ}} often becomes {{Phone|ja|ɣ}} intervocalically. It becomes {{Phone|ja|ŋ}} medially in older speakers, with some exceptions.
* /ɽ/ is postalveolar medially. It is typically realized as an affricate {{Phone|ja|d̠<sup>ɹ̝̆</sup>}} initially and after /ɴ/. It may be postalveolar {{Phone|ja|l̠}} in any position. Sometimes it may be approximant {{Phone|ja|ɹ}}.
* {{Phoneme|ja|ɽ}} is postalveolar medially. It is typically realized as an affricate {{Phone|ja|d̠<sup>ɹ̝̆</sup>}} initially and after {{Phoneme|ja|ɴ}. It may be postalveolar {{Phone|ja|l̠}} in any position. Sometimes it may be approximant {{Phone|ja|ɹ}}.
* Phonemic /tˢ/ is normally realized as a cluster {{Phone|ja|ts}}. It is palatalized to {{Phone|ja|tɕ}} before /i/.
* Phonemic {{Phoneme|ja|tˢ}} is normally realized as a cluster {{Phone|ja|ts}}. It is palatalized to {{Phone|ja|tɕ}} before {{Phoneme|ja|i}}.
* /n/ is palatalized to {{Phone|ja|ɲ̟}} before /i/. Some speakers realize it as alveolar before /u/.
* {{Phoneme|ja|n}} is palatalized to {{Phone|ja|ɲ̟}} before {{Phoneme|ja|i}}. Some speakers realize it as alveolar before {{Phoneme|ja|u}}.
* Consonants are strongly palatalized before /i/; /Ci/ typically becomes {{Phone|ja|Cʲi}}.
* Consonants are strongly palatalized before {{Phoneme|ja|i}}; {{Phoneme|ja|Ci}} typically becomes {{Phone|ja|Cʲi}}.
* /ɴ/, the moraic nasal, has variable realization.
* {{Phoneme|ja|ɴ}}, the moraic nasal, has variable realization.


{{Bibliography|
{{Bibliography|

Revision as of 00:49, 26 October 2025

Phonemic consonants in Tokyo dialect.
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive p
b
 t
d
 k
ɡ
Affricate ts
Nasal
m
n
ɴ
Flap
ɽ
Fricative s
z
 h
Approximant
j
w
  • /p, t, tˢ, k/ are moderately aspirated
  • /tˢ/ is geminated as /ttˢ/
  • /b/ is typically realized as [b], but can become [β] or [v̠] in rapid speech.
  • /ɡ/ often becomes [ɣ] intervocalically. It becomes [ŋ] medially in older speakers, with some exceptions.
  • /ɽ/ is postalveolar medially. It is typically realized as an affricate [d̠ɹ̝̆] initially and after {{Phoneme|ja|ɴ}. It may be postalveolar [l̠] in any position. Sometimes it may be approximant [ɹ].
  • Phonemic /tˢ/ is normally realized as a cluster [ts]. It is palatalized to [tɕ] before /i/.
  • /n/ is palatalized to [ɲ̟] before /i/. Some speakers realize it as alveolar before /u/.
  • Consonants are strongly palatalized before /i/; /Ci/ typically becomes [Cʲi].
  • /ɴ/, the moraic nasal, has variable realization.

Bibliography

  • Okada, Hideo. "Japanese." In Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Retrieved from "https://miwiki.moe/en/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Phonology&oldid=119"